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Root Cause Analysis of Frequent Account Compromises

RCA of Frequent Account Compromises

Frequent account compromises occur when unauthorized individuals gain repeated access to user accounts within an organization. These incidents are a serious cybersecurity concern, often caused by phishing, poor password hygiene, or technical vulnerabilities. Once credentials are compromised, attackers can move laterally through systems, exposing sensitive data and disrupting business operations. Beyond operational risk, these events often result in reputational damage, financial losses, and compliance violations. What makes the problem more dangerous is its recurring nature, driven by unresolved root causes.

These incidents are rarely isolated. They arise from a combination of human behavior, process weaknesses, outdated technologies, flawed policies, and environmental risks. Employees may fall victim to phishing due to a lack of phishing simulations, limited security awareness, password reuse, or the absence of regular training. On the process side, delayed detection, no root cause analysis after incidents, weak authentication flows, and the lack of multi-factor authentication create exploitable gaps. Technological issues like plaintext passwords, weak hashing algorithms, unsupported authentication mechanisms, outdated systems, and unpatched vulnerabilities lower the organization’s defenses. Policy-level failures, such as poor compliance enforcement, inadequate security policies, no password complexity requirements, and lack of accountability, further exacerbate the threat. The remote work environment introduces additional risks such as unsecured home networks, shared devices, no mobile device management, and uncontrolled access points.

To effectively respond to such recurring threats, organizations must adopt a structured post-incident Root Cause Analysis approach. This is where ProSolvr provides significant value. Designed for post-event investigation rather than real-time detection or diagnosis, ProSolvr enables security and IT teams to analyze incidents using AI-assisted fishbone diagrams and Six Sigma principles. The platform helps categorize and visualize contributing factors across people, processes, technology, policy, and environment. By supporting teams in identifying true root causes and developing strong Corrective and Preventive Actions, ProSolvr transforms complex incidents into clear, actionable insights that strengthen long-term security and operational resilience.

Frequent Account Compromises

    • People
      • Social Engineering Attacks
        • Lack of phishing simulations
        • Phishing susceptibility
      • Lack of Security Awareness
        • Employees reuse passwords
        • No regular training
    • Process
      • Poor Incident Response
        • No root cause analysis post-incident
        • Delayed detection
      • Weak Authentication Process
        • Default password policies
        • No MFA
    • Technology
      • Insecure Credential Storage
        • Weak hashing algorithms
        • Plaintext passwords
      • Outdated Systems
        • Unsupported authentication mechanisms
        • No patching of known vulnerabilities
    • Policy
      • Poor Compliance Enforcement
        • Lack of accountability
        • Policies not audited
      • Inadequate Security Policies
        • No account lockout policy
        • No password complexity enforcement
    • Environment
      • BYOD
        • Uncontrolled access points
        • No MDM
      • Remote Work Risks
        • Shared devices
        • Unsecured home networks

Suggested Actions Checklist

Here are some corrective actions, preventive actions and investigative actions that organizations may find useful:

    • People
      • Social Engineering Attacks
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Implement regular phishing simulation campaigns across all departments.
          • Deploy email filters and anti-phishing tools to reduce malicious emails.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Incorporate social engineering awareness in onboarding and annual training.
          • Create internal alerts or newsletters sharing recent phishing trends.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Review past incidents to identify common social engineering tactics used.
          • Analyze departments or roles with high phishing susceptibility for targeted interventions.
      • Lack of Security Awareness
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Launch mandatory password hygiene and security awareness programs.
          • Introduce periodic knowledge checks or quizzes to reinforce training.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Schedule automated refresher training every 6–12 months.
          • Embed security champions within teams to promote safe behavior.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Conduct surveys or tests to assess awareness levels across departments.
          • Evaluate whether security incidents correlate with lack of training history.
    • Process
      • Poor Incident Response
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Establish a formal post-incident review protocol that includes RCA.
          • Set SLAs for detection and response times within incident management.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Develop and simulate incident response playbooks for key threat scenarios.
          • Train response teams on RCA tools and structured incident documentation.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Audit past incidents to identify missed RCA opportunities.
          • Track response time metrics to uncover bottlenecks in detection and action.
      • Weak Authentication Process
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Replace default password configurations with enforced custom creation.
          • Roll out MFA (multi-factor authentication) across all critical systems.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Include authentication policies in system deployment SOPs.
          • Regularly review access logs and authentication strength metrics.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Review login and authentication logs for signs of compromise.
          • Benchmark current practices against authentication best practices.
    • Technology
      • Insecure Credential Storage
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Transition to secure hashing algorithms (e.g., bcrypt, Argon2).
          • Eliminate plaintext password storage through secure configuration audits.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Enforce secure credential storage policies for all application development.
          • Include secure storage checks in code review and DevSecOps pipelines.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Conduct code reviews and storage audits to find insecure practices.
          • Test for password leakage or access anomalies in systems.
      • Outdated Systems
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Decommission unsupported systems and upgrade to current platforms.
          • Apply critical patches for known vulnerabilities as part of backlog remediation.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Maintain an automated asset inventory and patch management system.
          • Schedule quarterly system reviews to identify upcoming end-of-life software.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Analyze recent incidents tied to outdated software or missing patches.
          • Review vendor advisories to map unpatched vulnerabilities to assets.
    • Policy
      • Poor Compliance Enforcement
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Assign clear ownership for policy enforcement and violation tracking.
          • Introduce compliance scorecards and periodic reporting to leadership.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Conduct regular compliance audits across departments.
          • Embed policy checks in business processes and IT workflows.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Review past violations to identify recurring policy gaps.
          • Interview stakeholders to understand enforcement challenges.
      • Inadequate Security Policies
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Update policies to include account lockouts and password complexity rules.
          • Distribute revised policies with mandatory acknowledgment from employees.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Integrate policy controls into system configurations and GPOs (Group Policies).
          • Schedule annual policy reviews aligned with new threats and standards.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Perform a gap analysis comparing current policies to industry standards (e.g., NIST, ISO).
          • Analyze policy exception logs and violations to identify weaknesses.
    • Environment
      • BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Implement Mobile Device Management (MDM) to enforce access control.
          • Segment network access for personal vs. corporate devices.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Define and communicate a clear BYOD policy with minimum security standards.
          • Offer secure corporate alternatives to reduce personal device usage.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Monitor network logs to detect risky BYOD access patterns.
          • Conduct endpoint compliance scans for unmanaged devices.
      • Remote Work Risks
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Enforce usage of secure VPNs and company-provided devices for remote access.
          • Distribute secure configuration kits for home network setups.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Mandate regular security audits of remote endpoints and user behavior.
          • Develop remote work training focused on safe practices.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Review incident logs for breaches originating from remote setups.
          • Analyze risk posture of remote users using endpoint detection tools.
 

Who can learn from the Frequent Account Compromises template?

  • IT Security Teams: IT security teams benefit directly from root cause insights, helping them identify overlooked technical vulnerabilities and implement stronger defenses against account takeovers.
  • Training and Awareness Coordinators: Training and awareness coordinators gain a deeper understanding of human behavior and social engineering tactics. This enables them to design more impactful training programs and phishing simulations tailored to actual root causes.
  • Policy Makers and Compliance Officers: Policy makers and compliance officers can use RCA findings to reinforce governance frameworks, improve accountability mechanisms, and close policy-level gaps that contribute to recurring breaches.
  • Incident Response and Risk Management Teams: Incident Response and Risk Management teams refine their response protocols and post-incident workflows by learning what failed and why. This results in more robust containment and mitigation strategies.
  • System Administrators and DevOps Engineers: System administrators and DevOps engineers, often responsible for configurations and infrastructure, can address the technical root causes highlighted in the RCA to harden systems and eliminate recurring weak points.
  • Executive Leadership and Business Managers: Executive leadership and business managers may not handle technical details, but they benefit from understanding the business impact of frequent compromises. RCA results give them clear visibility into risk exposure and help justify investments in cybersecurity tools, employee training, and policy enhancements.

Why use this template?

The Frequent Account Compromises template in ProSolvr helps teams visually map complex incident scenarios, linking root causes to actual breaches across people, process, technology, policy, and environment. By simplifying the visualization of cause-effect relationships and surfacing actionable CAPA (Corrective and Preventive Actions), ProSolvr ensures teams move beyond surface-level fixes toward focused, strategic remediation.

Unlike diagnostic or real-time monitoring tools, ProSolvr is purpose-built for post-incident analysis. Its AI-powered RCA framework, based on fishbone diagrams and Six Sigma principles, enables teams to identify and organize deep-rooted issues, apply meaningful corrective measures, and prevent recurrence. This not only resolves current vulnerabilities but also helps build a stronger, more resilient cybersecurity posture over time.

Use ProSolvr by smartQED to investigate and resolve cybersecurity challenges more effectively backed by community insights and real-world examples.

Curated from community experience and public sources:

  • https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-reference/compromised-account
  • https://www.bitlyft.com/resources/hidden-threat-account-compromise