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Ergonomic Issues in Cars Root Cause Analysis

Root Cause Analysis of Ergonomic Issues in Cars

Ergonomic issues in cars are a significant concern in automotive design, impacting driver comfort, safety, and overall vehicle usability. Problems like poor seating design, ineffective control layouts, and inadequate visibility can lead to discomfort, fatigue, and even long-term health issues for drivers. For example, non-breathable materials in seats can cause excessive sweating, while heat-retaining fabrics contribute to discomfort during long drives. Similarly, incorrect seat contouring, poor lumbar support, and insufficient seat adjustability (such as a lack of memory settings for different drivers) can lead to chronic back pain and driver fatigue. Additionally, improper pedal height and uneven spacing between pedals can cause ankle strain, further diminishing driver comfort and increasing the risk of fatigue.

In addition to seating issues, the control layout can significantly impact the driving experience. Small or poorly labeled buttons, touchscreen reliance that leads to driver distraction, and hard-to-reach dashboard controls create inefficiencies that reduce driver focus and reaction time. The steering wheel can also contribute to ergonomic problems when it’s positioned incorrectly, or when the steering column is too thick, obstructing leg movement. On top of this, improperly positioned mirrors that lead to blind spots, thick pillars obstructing the field of view, and poor windshield angles causing glare all compromise visibility, creating potential safety hazards.

Furthermore, issues related to ingress and egress—such as a low roofline causing head bumps while entering or high step-in height that makes it difficult for shorter drivers to get in—can exacerbate ergonomic inefficiencies. Similarly, storage accessibility, such as hard-to-reach cup holders or poorly positioned armrests, further undermines comfort and usability. Even vibrations caused by poor suspension or engine vibrations transmitted through the seat can contribute to discomfort, as can excessive cabin noise from improper sealing and poor insulation.

Addressing these recurring ergonomic failures requires a structured approach to identify and correct root causes. A GEN-AI-powered root cause analysis with ProSolvr, using a fishbone diagram aligned with Six Sigma principles, provides a methodical way to uncover the underlying issues. By categorizing these issues into specific areas—such as seating design, controls, visibility, and comfort—automotive manufacturers can identify patterns of recurring failures and implement targeted Corrective and Preventive Actions (CAPA) to resolve them. This structured problem-solving approach ensures that ergonomic deficiencies are not only fixed but permanently prevented.

Ergonomic Issues in Cars

    • Seating Design
      • Material & Padding
        • Non-breathable materials causing sweating
        • Heat-retaining fabric leading to discomfort
        • Hard or uncomfortable material
      • Adjustability Issues
        • Lack of memory settings for different drivers
        • Difficult-to-use adjustment mechanisms
        • Limited seat adjustment range
      • Seat Shape & Support
        • Incorrect seat contouring
        • Inadequate seat cushioning
        • Poor lumbar support
    • Steering & Controls
      • Control Layout
        • Small or poorly labeled buttons
        • Touchscreen reliance leading to driver distraction
        • Hard-to-reach dashboard controls
      • Pedal Placement
        • Incorrect pedal height leading to ankle strain
        • Uneven spacing between pedals
      • Steering Wheel Position
        • Steering column too thick, obstructing leg movement
        • Incorrect height and reach adjustability
    • Interior Layout
      • Ingress & Egress
        • Low roofline leading to head bumps while entering
        • High step-in height causing difficulty for shorter users
      • Storage & Accessibility
        • Hard-to-reach cup holders or storage spaces
        • Armrests positioned too far or too high
      • Visibility Issues
        • Improperly positioned mirrors leading to blind spots
        • Thick pillars obstructing the field of view
        • Poor windshield angle causing glare
    • Vibrations & Noise
      • Cabin Noise
        • Wind noise due to improper sealing
        • Poor insulation leading to excessive road noise
      • Vehicle Vibrations
        • Road vibrations due to poor suspension
        • Engine vibrations transmitted through the seat
    • Climate & Lighting
      • Lighting Issues
        • Insufficient footwell or ambient lighting
        • Glare from interior lights
      • Temperature Control
        • Lack of seat ventilation causing discomfort
        • Poor AC vent positioning causing uneven cooling/heating
    • Human Factors & Usage
      • User Adaptability
        • Lack of customization for different driver needs
      • Different Body Types
        • Design not accommodating various driver heights and builds

Suggested Actions Checklist

Here are some corrective actions, preventive actions and investigative actions that organizations may find useful:

    • Seating Design
      • Material & Padding
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Replace non-breathable materials with moisture-wicking fabrics to improve comfort.
          • Introduce more breathable, heat-resistant fabric options for seating surfaces.
          • Redesign seat padding with softer, more ergonomic materials to reduce discomfort.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Regularly test new materials for breathability, comfort, and heat resistance before implementation.
          • Implement a process for selecting high-quality, durable materials for seating.
          • Ensure continuous monitoring of user feedback regarding material comfort.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Analyze customer complaints and reviews to identify specific discomfort caused by materials.
          • Investigate whether the materials used are contributing to customer dissatisfaction in specific climate conditions.
      • Adjustability Issues
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Redesign seats to include memory settings for multiple driver preferences.
          • Improve adjustment mechanisms for ease of use and provide clear labeling.
          • Extend the seat’s adjustment range to accommodate different body types.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Regularly test and update seat adjustability features for ease of use and comfort.
          • Incorporate user-friendly designs for seat adjustments with minimal mechanical complexity.
          • Monitor feedback from users with varying physical profiles to ensure adaptability.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Assess user difficulty in adjusting the seat by gathering feedback from a diverse sample of drivers.
          • Investigate if the seat adjustability mechanisms malfunction or degrade over time.
      • Seat Shape & Support
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Redesign the seat contouring for better fit and comfort, especially for the lower back area.
          • Improve seat cushioning with higher-quality foam or gel inserts for better comfort.
          • Enhance lumbar support with adjustable components or better padding.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Include a focus group of drivers with diverse body types to provide feedback on seat shape and support.
          • Ensure that the seat design adheres to ergonomic standards to prevent discomfort.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Analyze customer feedback regarding lumbar support and seat cushioning to identify common pain points.
          • Investigate if the seat design is contributing to poor posture or long-term discomfort.
    • Steering & Controls
      • Control Layout
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Redesign the dashboard and button layout for easier reach and better labeling.
          • Minimize reliance on touchscreen features by incorporating physical buttons for critical functions.
          • Ensure that all dashboard controls are ergonomically placed and user-friendly.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Conduct usability tests on control layouts with different user groups to ensure accessibility.
          • Regularly update control layouts in line with ergonomic and usability research.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Analyze user complaints regarding control accessibility and functionality.
          • Investigate whether certain control placements contribute to driver distraction or accidents.
      • Pedal Placement
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Adjust the height and positioning of the pedals to reduce strain on the driver’s ankles.
          • Ensure equal spacing between the pedals to prevent discomfort and improve pedal control.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Incorporate adjustable pedal features for different driver heights and preferences.
          • Regularly review pedal ergonomics to ensure the best possible placement for a variety of body types.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Review feedback from drivers with ankle strain or discomfort to identify pedal issues.
          • Investigate whether the placement of pedals has led to ergonomic complaints or accidents.
      • Steering Wheel Position
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Adjust steering wheel column to allow for better leg movement and comfort.
          • Improve the adjustability of the steering column’s height and reach.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Design steering columns with more flexible adjustment features to suit a wider range of drivers.
          • Test various steering wheel positions for maximum comfort before implementation.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Analyze how steering wheel position impacts leg room and overall driver comfort.
          • Investigate whether issues with the steering wheel position affect driver posture or contribute to fatigue.
    • Interior Layout
      • Ingress & Egress
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Redesign the vehicle’s roofline or doorframe to allow for easier entry and exit.
          • Adjust step-in height for a more comfortable experience for shorter users.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Conduct simulations to test ingress and egress ease for people of different heights and mobility.
          • Regularly review and update vehicle design to accommodate a diverse user base.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Investigate specific design elements that cause discomfort or difficulty when entering or exiting the vehicle.
          • Collect feedback from individuals with mobility challenges to identify potential design flaws.
      • Storage & Accessibility
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Reposition or redesign storage compartments for easier access.
          • Move armrests closer to ideal positions for maximum comfort during driving.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Design storage spaces that are accessible to all users, with clear labeling and logical placement.
          • Regularly review user feedback to ensure storage designs meet functional needs.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Analyze how poorly positioned storage or armrests contribute to user dissatisfaction or inconvenience.
          • Investigate whether the design of storage spaces impacts driver safety or comfort.
      • Visibility Issues
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Reposition mirrors and optimize the field of view to eliminate blind spots.
          • Adjust pillar thickness and windshield angle to reduce glare and improve visibility.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Implement regular reviews of visibility features to ensure optimal positioning of mirrors and pillars.
          • Incorporate advanced technologies like cameras or sensors to help with visibility in blind spots.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Investigate the role of mirror positioning and pillar design in accidents or near-misses.
          • Analyze how glare and obstructed views are impacting driving safety and comfort.
    • Vibrations & Noise
      • Cabin Noise
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Seal windows and doors to eliminate wind noise.
          • Improve soundproofing materials to reduce road noise.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Use advanced noise-reduction technologies during manufacturing.
          • Regularly check vehicle seals for wear and replace them as needed.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Review customer complaints regarding excessive cabin noise and identify common sources.
          • Analyze the effectiveness of noise insulation and identify areas for improvement.
      • Vehicle Vibrations
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Improve suspension systems to reduce road vibrations.
          • Add isolation materials to absorb engine vibrations and prevent them from reaching the seat.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Perform regular maintenance and upgrades to suspension systems to ensure vibration reduction.
          • Use vibration-dampening materials in the seat and cabin areas.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Assess vibration feedback from drivers to identify specific sources of discomfort.
          • Investigate whether vibrations affect overall driving experience or vehicle performance.
    • Climate & Lighting
      • Lighting Issues
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Install additional footwell lighting to ensure adequate illumination.
          • Adjust the positioning of interior lights to eliminate glare.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Review lighting designs regularly to ensure sufficient visibility and comfort.
          • Use dimmable or adjustable lighting to accommodate different driver preferences.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Investigate how lighting placement impacts driver visibility, especially during night-time driving.
          • Analyze how glare from interior lights affects driver focus and safety.
      • Temperature Control
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Introduce seat ventilation systems to enhance comfort during hot weather.
          • Adjust AC vent positioning to improve air circulation and ensure even cooling/heating.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Regularly test the efficiency of AC systems and seat ventilation to maintain consistent performance.
          • Use advanced climate control systems that allow precise adjustments.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Investigate user complaints related to temperature discomfort and uneven cooling.
          • Analyze the effectiveness of existing temperature control systems in different climate conditions.
    • Human Factors & Usage
      • User Adaptability
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Introduce customization options for seat and control adjustments tailored to individual preferences.
          • Provide users with easy access to adjustment guides and options.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Design vehicles with a wider range of adjustment features to cater to diverse users.
          • Regularly update user manuals and guides to support quick adaptability.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Investigate whether certain vehicle features cause adaptation challenges for new drivers.
          • Analyze how user adaptability affects overall satisfaction and usage patterns.
      • Different Body Types
        • Corrective Actions:
          • Redesign seats, controls, and interior features to accommodate a wider range of body types.
          • Ensure that height and body-type variability is considered in vehicle design stages.
        • Preventive Actions:
          • Conduct inclusive testing to accommodate users of all body types.
          • Regularly collect and incorporate feedback from diverse user groups to improve design.
        • Investigative Actions:
          • Analyze whether design limitations contribute to discomfort or difficulty for certain body types.
          • Investigate which body types face challenges with current seat and control configurations.
 

Who can use the Ergonomic Issues in Cars template?

  • Automotive Engineers & Designers: Understanding RCA helps them identify design flaws related to seating, steering controls, pedal placement, and visibility to improve ergonomics in future vehicle models.
  • Manufacturing & Quality Assurance Teams: RCA allows them to trace ergonomic defects to production processes, material selection, or assembly errors, ensuring better quality control and fewer recalls.
  • Occupational Health & Safety Professionals: These professionals can analyze ergonomic issues that contribute to driver discomfort, fatigue, or long-term injuries, helping advocate for better vehicle designs and work conditions for professional drivers.
  • Fleet Managers & Logistics Companies: RCA can help them understand how poor ergonomics impact driver performance, safety, and retention, leading to better vehicle selection and modification strategies for commercial fleets.
  • Consumer Advocacy & Regulatory Bodies: Learning from ergonomic RCA enables them to evaluate automotive safety standards, push for better regulations, and advocate for user-friendly vehicle designs based on real-world issues.

Why use this template?

A visual Gen AI powered root cause analysis application such as ProSolvr, which integrates fishbone diagram analysis, can significantly enhance problem resolution in automotive ergonomics. ProSolvr enables manufacturers to categorize ergonomic issues visually, ensuring that all potential causes are explored in depth. By mapping the root causes and their interdependencies, decision-makers can formulate precise CAPA strategies. By addressing issues at their source, manufacturers can avoid costly redesigns after product launch and ensure that future models incorporate ergonomic improvements proactively.

Use ProSolvr by smartQED for solving ergonomic and other issues in your car manufacturing organization.

Curated from community experience and public sources:

  • https://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2406082.pdf
  • https://ehs.oregonstate.edu/sites/ehs.oregonstate.edu/files/pdf/ergo/vehicle_ergonomics_best_practice_guide.pdf